Fiat 500
The Fiat 500 (the "cinquecento" from the Italian word for "500") is a car produced by the Fiat company of Italy between 1957 and 1975 (note, the Fiat 500 K alone was produced until 1977).
Launched as the Nuova 500, it was marketed as a cheap and practical town car to combat high levels of congestion in Italian cities. Measuring only 2.97 m (9 ft 9 in) long, and originally powered by a tiny 479 cc two-cylinder, aircooled engine, the 500 redefined the term "small car" and is considered one of the first city cars.
History
To meet the demands of the post-war market which called for cars of very low cost, the Fiat 500 was rear-engined on the pattern of the Volkswagen Beetle. Several car makers followed this now nearly vanished pattern at the time and were quite successful. But only the Fiat 500 was used as the pattern for other car makers in Europe. The firms Neckar of Germany and Steyr-Puch in Austria each made cars that were legally based on the Fiat 500.
Despite its diminutive size, the 500 proved to be an enormously practical and popular vehicle throughout Europe. It was also available as the "Giardiniera" or station wagon; this variant featured the standard engine laid on its side, the wheelbase lengthened by 10 cm (4 in) which yielded a usable rear seat, a full-length sunroof, and larger brakes from the Fiat 600.
Production of the 500 ended in 1975, although its replacement, the Fiat 126, was launched two years earlier. The 126 was never as popular as its predecessor in Italy, but was (and still is) enormously popular in the former Eastern Block countries, where it is famed for mechanical durability and economy.
Models
There were six main models of Fiat 500 produced by Fiat themselves:
Nuova - (1957-60) - The original 500, the Nuova has a smaller engine than all newer models, at just 479cc. The original model also features a roof folding all the way back to the rear of the vehicle, like that of a 2CV rather than the later roof design which only folds half way back along the roof. The Nuova is one of three models featuring "suicide doors". There is also a stylish Sport version of the Nuova, which features a distinctive red stripe.
D - (1960-69) - Replacing the original Nuova in 1960, the D looks very similar to the Nuova, but there are two key differences. One is the engine size (the D features an uprated 499cc engine) and the other is the roof (the D roof does not fold back as far as the roof on the Nuova). The D also features "suicide doors".
K or Giardiniera - (1960-77) - The longest running model, this is the estate version of the Fiat 500. The engine is laid under the floor of the boot to create a flat loading surface. The roof on this model also stretches all the way to the rear, not stopping above the driver and front passenger as it does in other models of the same period. Very useful if you need to carry a "tall" load! The K also features "suicide doors" and is the only model to continue to sport this door type in to the 1970s.
F or Berlina - (1965-72) - The F spans two periods of 500 production, the D and the L. As such, it is the most frequently misidentified model. Between 1965 and 1969 the F carried the same badging as the D and the two models are only distinguishable by their doors - the D has "suicide doors" and the F does not. Between 1969 and 1972 the F was sold alongside the Luxo model as a cheaper "base model" alternative. While the F and L are mechanically very similar, the key differences are the bumpers (the L has an extra chrome nudge bar) and the interior (the F interior is nearly identical to the original 1957 design while the L sports a much more modern look).
L or Lusso - (1968-72) - The penultimate model, the main change for the L is a much modernised interior which brought the Fiat 500 up to date. Greater comfort and style were provided in this new model for the new generation.
R - (1972-75) - The last incarnation of the Fiat 500, the R, was arguably the best model. It had a larger 594cc engine, giving it a much more sensible power rating. It was also more comfortable and better equipped than ever. Sadly, it was also merely a stop-gap for Fiat prior to the launch of the Fiat 126, and when the new car was launched sales of the old Fiat 500 R naturally plummeted. It plodded along for another two years beside the Fiat 126 but in the end Fiat made the only sensible choice - to retire the Fiat 500 R once and for all.
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from Wikipedia.
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